ademwegvernauwd

Ademwegvernauwd is a Dutch term describing a narrowing of the airways, which reduces airflow to the lungs. It can involve the upper airways (nose, throat) or lower airways (trachea, bronchi). It is a descriptive finding rather than a single disease and can occur in both acute episodes and chronic conditions.

Common causes include bronchoconstriction from asthma or COPD, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, infections that inflame and swell the airway, excess mucus, and airway obstruction from a foreign body, tumor, or trauma. Long‑standing inflammation can lead to structural narrowing.

Symptoms vary with location and cause but often include shortness of breath, wheeze, coughing, chest tightness, and increased work of breathing. In upper airway involvement, stridor or voice changes may occur. Severe obstruction can cause confusion or cyanosis.

Diagnosis relies on history and examination, supported by lung function tests such as spirometry or peak flow to assess obstruction. Imaging (chest X‑ray or CT) helps identify structural causes. Response to bronchodilators may indicate reversible airway narrowing.

Treatment targets the cause and the airway narrowing. Acute management may include oxygen, short-acting bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and, for anaphylaxis, epinephrine. Severe cases require advanced airway support. Chronic management involves long‑term inhaled therapies, trigger avoidance, vaccination, and addressing comorbidities.

Prognosis depends on cause and timely treatment. Many episodes improve with therapy, though some may recur and contribute to chronic airway change. Prevention focuses on avoiding triggers, adhering to maintenance therapy, smoking cessation, and vaccination.