acromiooklaviküler

The acromioclavicular joint, often abbreviated as the AC joint, is a key articulation in the shoulder complex. It is formed by the distal end of the clavicle, or collarbone, and the acromion, which is a bony projection of the scapula, or shoulder blade. This joint is classified as a plane synovial joint, allowing for gliding movements.

Functionally, the AC joint plays a significant role in shoulder girdle movement. It permits the scapula to rotate and tilt, which is essential for the full range of arm motion, particularly overhead activities. While not as mobile as the glenohumeral joint (the main shoulder socket), the AC joint's contribution to overall shoulder kinematics is vital.

Injuries to the AC joint are common, especially in athletes involved in contact sports or those who experience falls directly onto the shoulder. These injuries range from mild sprains, where the ligaments supporting the joint are stretched, to complete dislocations, where the clavicle is significantly separated from the acromion. AC joint separations are graded based on the severity of ligamentous damage and the degree of displacement.

Diagnosis of AC joint pathology typically involves a physical examination, assessing for tenderness, swelling, and deformity. Imaging studies, such as X-rays, are crucial for confirming the diagnosis and determining the grade of injury. Treatment varies depending on the severity, with conservative measures like rest, ice, and physical therapy often employed for less severe cases. More significant separations may require surgical intervention to restore the stability of the joint.