abusers

An abuser is a person who uses physical force, coercion, intimidation, or manipulation to dominate another person. Abusive behavior can occur in intimate relationships, families, schools, workplaces, or institutions. Types include physical, sexual, emotional or psychological, financial, and digital abuse, with coercive control as a notable pattern in many cases.

Abuse often follows cycles of intimidation, threats, isolation, demeaning behavior, and minimization of harm. The goal is power and control over the victim. Abusers may mix tactics, and harm is not limited to visible injuries.

Risk factors and responsibility: Abusive behavior can involve people of any gender or background. Contributing factors may include learned attitudes that sanction domination, rigid gender norms, substance misuse, stress, or mental health issues. Responsibility lies with the abuser, not the victim.

Impact: Victims may suffer physical injuries, mental health problems, and long-term effects on children who witness abuse. Barriers to seeking help include fear, stigma, financial dependence, and lack of safe options.

Response and prevention: In many jurisdictions, abuse is a crime or grounds for protective orders. Help can include reporting, safety planning, shelters, counseling, and legal aid. Perpetrators may be offered accountability or rehabilitation programs, though effectiveness varies.

Prevention and accountability: Education, bystander intervention, and policies addressing power imbalances are essential to reduce abuse and support survivors.