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Abacá is a species of banana native to the Philippines. It is cultivated for its exceptionally strong and durable fiber, which is extracted from the plant's leaf sheaths. This fiber, also known as abacá or Manila hemp, has been used for centuries in the Philippines for a variety of purposes.

Historically, abacá fiber was crucial for making ropes, cordage, and sails due to its resistance to saltwater and abrasion. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it gained international importance as a primary material for high-quality paper, including currency paper, tea bags, and cigarette paper. Its long, strong, and lustrous fibers were also used in the production of textiles, such as lightweight clothing, hats, and decorative items.

The abacá plant, scientifically known as *Musa textilis*, is a close relative of the common edible banana but is not grown for fruit. It thrives in tropical climates with abundant rainfall and is typically grown in plantations. The harvesting process involves cutting down the entire plant, then separating the leaf sheaths from which the fiber is painstakingly extracted.

While synthetic fibers have replaced abacá in some traditional applications like heavy-duty ropes, it remains valued for its eco-friendly and biodegradable properties. It continues to be used in the production of specialty papers, unique textiles, and artisanal crafts, maintaining its cultural and economic significance.