abamectin

Abamectin is a mixture of avermectins, with abamectin B1a being the more abundant component. It is a fermentation product derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. Abamectin is widely used as an insecticide and miticide in agriculture and veterinary medicine.

In agriculture, abamectin is effective against a range of pests, including mites, leafminers, and various insect larvae. It acts by interfering with the nervous system of insects and mites, causing paralysis and death. It is typically applied as a foliar spray. Its mode of action involves binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels, which are crucial for nerve signal transmission in invertebrates.

In veterinary applications, abamectin is used to control internal and external parasites in livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs. It is administered orally, topically, or by injection to treat conditions like roundworms, lungworms, and certain mites and lice. It is also a component in some heartworm preventative medications for dogs.

Abamectin has a relatively low toxicity to mammals, birds, and fish, although it can be highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Its environmental persistence varies depending on conditions such as soil type and sunlight exposure. Due to its efficacy and broad spectrum of activity, abamectin remains an important tool in pest management strategies.