Zungenbeins

Zungenbeins, also known as hyoid bones, are small, U-shaped bones located in the anterior neck of mammals, including humans. They are unique in that they are not directly articulated with any other bone, but rather are suspended by muscles and ligaments. This strategic positioning is crucial for their function in deglutition (swallowing) and phonation (speech production).

The hyoid bone consists of a central body and two pairs of horns, the greater and lesser horns, which project posteriorly. In humans, the hyoid bone is located at the base of the tongue, above the larynx. Its musculature allows for precise movements, enabling the tongue to manipulate food, form a bolus, and propel it towards the pharynx for swallowing. During speech, the hyoid bone acts as an anchor for the muscles of the tongue and larynx, facilitating the complex movements required to produce a wide range of sounds.

The hyoid bone's significance extends beyond its mechanical roles. In forensic science, the presence and condition of a hyoid bone can provide important clues about the cause of death, particularly in cases of strangulation or hanging, where fractures of the hyoid bone are common. Its evolutionary history also sheds light on the development of mammalian vocalizations and the complex biomechanics of feeding.