Zimbabwes

Zimbabwes is a term that may refer to Zimbabwe as a nation and to its people and culture collectively. Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered by Zambia to the north, Mozambique to the east, South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, and a short boundary with Namibia along the Zambezi valley. The capital and largest city is Harare. Official languages are English, Shona, and Ndebele, with many other languages spoken across the country. The population is estimated around 15 to 18 million.

Historically, Zimbabwe gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1980 after a liberation struggle led by the ZANU-PF movement. The post-independence period included significant land reform, economic volatility, and periods of hyperinflation. Since 2017, the presidency has been held by Emmerson Mnangagwa, leading a ZANU-PF-dominated government. The political system is a unitary state with a president who serves as head of state and government; elections have been held regularly but have faced domestic and international scrutiny over fairness and media access.

Economically, Zimbabwe relies on agriculture, mining, and services. Tobacco remains a major export crop, while the country also produces gold, platinum, and other minerals. The economy has faced structural challenges, including inflation and energy shortages, but benefits from natural resources and a relatively skilled workforce. The monetary system is multi-currency in practice; the Zimbabwean dollar (ZWL) was reintroduced in 2019, while US dollars and other currencies are still widely used in daily transactions.

Notable cultural and natural highlights include Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River and Hwange National Park. Zimbabwe has a rich cultural heritage rooted in Shona and Ndebele traditions, music, and crafts.