Zamestnanec

Zamestnanec is a natural person who performs work for an employer within an employment relationship (pracovní poměr). The concept is defined by the Czech Labour Code (Zákoník práce) and distinguishes an employee from other forms of engagement, such as self-employed contractors or workers engaged under dohod. A zamestnanec performs work personally, under the direction and for the benefit of the employer, in exchange for remuneration.

The employment relationship is typically established by a contract of employment (pracovní smlouva) or by other arrangements recognized by law. Essential elements include the job title, place of work, and wage. The contract may be for an indefinite term or a fixed term and can include a probationary period. Employees are entitled to rights such as paid annual leave, rest periods, and safe working conditions. Employers are responsible for social and health insurance contributions on behalf of the zamestnanec, as required by law.

Rights and duties of a zamestnanec include fair remuneration, equal treatment, and protection against discrimination, as well as access to information about working conditions and safety requirements. In return, the employee must perform the work personally, follow lawful instructions, comply with internal rules and safety regulations, and protect confidential information.

Termination of the employment relationship can occur by notice, mutual agreement, or at the end of a fixed-term contract. The process and statutory notice periods are governed by the Labour Code, which also provides protections against unlawful dismissal in certain circumstances. The zamestnanec remains subject to the employer’s legitimate directives throughout the term of employment.