Z3Py

Z3Py is the Python API for Z3, a high-performance SMT (satisfiability modulo theories) solver developed by Microsoft Research. It provides a Pythonic interface to construct logical formulas and query the solver, enabling rapid prototyping of formal verification and analysis tasks within Python programs.

Using Z3Py, developers declare variables such as integers, reals, booleans, bit-vectors, arrays, and datatypes, or uninterpreted sorts. Expressions are built with standard Python operators, and constraints are added to a solver or an optimizer. The API supports quantifiers, functions, and rich theories, including arithmetic, bit-vectors, arrays, datatypes, and uninterpreted sorts.

Key capabilities include satisfiability checking, model generation, optimization, and unsat-core extraction. It exposes theories for arithmetic, bit-vectors, arrays, datatypes, and uninterpreted sorts, as well as support for quantifiers and proofs, making it suitable for verification and analysis tasks.

Typical workflow involves defining variables, adding constraints, invoking check, and, if satisfiable, retrieving a model. The Optimize API enables objective-driven problems. Z3Py integrates with Python environments and is widely used in research, education, and industry for modeling and solving logical constraints.

Installation: Z3Py ships with the Z3 distribution and is also available as the PyPI package z3-solver. After installation, the API is imported with from z3 import *. Z3 is open-source and released under the MIT license.