z3solver

Z3 is a high-performance theorem prover developed by Microsoft Research. It is a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver, which means it can determine the satisfiability of mathematical statements involving various theories, such as linear arithmetic, bit-vectors, arrays, and uninterpreted functions. Z3 is widely used in program verification, symbolic execution, constraint solving, and other areas of computer science.

The core functionality of Z3 is to take a logical formula as input and determine whether there exists an assignment of values to variables that makes the formula true. If such an assignment exists, Z3 reports that the formula is satisfiable and can optionally provide a model, which is a specific assignment that satisfies the formula. If no such assignment exists, Z3 reports that the formula is unsatisfiable.

Z3 supports a rich set of logical constructs and theories, allowing users to express complex properties and constraints. Its efficiency stems from sophisticated algorithms and data structures, including conflict-driven clause learning and an array of decision procedures for different theories. Z3 can be accessed through various interfaces, including a Python API, a .NET API, and a command-line interface. This accessibility has contributed to its popularity in both academic research and industrial applications. Developers and researchers leverage Z3 to automatically check for bugs in software, synthesize programs, and solve challenging combinatorial problems.