Xsäteilyyn

Xsäteilyyn, commonly known as X-rays, refers to a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, and corresponding frequencies between 30 petahertz and 30 exahertz. This spectrum places X-rays between ultraviolet radiation and gamma rays. X-rays are generated when high-energy electrons collide with a metal target, or through other high-energy processes. They possess sufficient energy to ionize atoms and molecules, meaning they can strip electrons from them, making them a type of ionizing radiation.

The discovery of X-rays is attributed to German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895. His accidental discovery revolutionized medical diagnostics due to their ability to penetrate soft tissues but be absorbed by denser materials like bone. This differential absorption allows for the creation of images, commonly known as radiographs, which are fundamental tools in medical imaging, dentistry, and security screening. Beyond imaging, X-rays have applications in materials science for examining crystal structures (X-ray crystallography) and in various industrial inspection processes.

While highly beneficial, exposure to X-rays carries risks. Due to their ionizing nature, excessive exposure can damage living cells and increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, when X-rays are used, particularly in medical settings, measures are taken to minimize patient and operator exposure through shielding and controlled dose limits.

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