Xebecs

Xebecs were a type of sailing ship that originated in the Mediterranean Sea. They were common from the 17th century until the mid-19th century. Xebecs were typically small to medium-sized vessels, often used for trade and piracy. Their design was a hybrid, incorporating elements of both European and North African shipbuilding traditions.

A key characteristic of the xebec was its lateen rig, which featured triangular sails set on long yards. This rig allowed the xebec to sail effectively against the wind, making it highly maneuverable. They usually had two or three masts, with the foremast often carrying a square sail. Xebecs were also known for their relatively narrow hulls, which contributed to their speed.

These ships were particularly favored by corsairs operating from Barbary Coast ports. Their speed and agility made them excellent for raiding merchant vessels. While not as heavily armed as larger warships, xebecs could carry cannons and were also equipped with oars for propulsion in calm conditions or for boarding actions. The decline of the xebec as a prominent vessel was due to the rise of larger, more heavily armed sailing ships and later, steam-powered vessels.