Xanthoidea

Xanthoidea is a superfamily of crabs belonging to the infraorder Brachyura, commonly known as true crabs. This diverse group is characterized by its generally stout bodies, with a broad carapace that is often wider than it is long. The eyes are typically stalked, and the mouthparts are well-developed for crushing and manipulating food. Xanthoid crabs exhibit a wide range of morphologies and ecological adaptations, inhabiting various marine environments from shallow intertidal zones to deeper oceanic waters.

Members of Xanthoidea are found globally, with a notable concentration in tropical and subtropical regions. Their diet is varied, and many species are omnivorous scavengers, feeding on algae, detritus, and small invertebrates. The coloration of xanthoid crabs can be striking, ranging from vibrant reds and oranges to more cryptic browns and greens, often providing camouflage within their habitats. Reproduction in Xanthoidea follows the typical pattern for brachyuran crabs, involving external fertilization and the release of planktonic larvae. Parental care is generally limited, with females carrying the fertilized eggs until hatching. Some species within this superfamily are of commercial importance, though many are not extensively studied.