Workingtime
Working time refers to the periods when an employee is performing tasks for an employer or is at the employer’s disposal and obliged to be ready to work. It typically includes time spent at the workplace, on business travel, or carrying out duties as required, and may also cover on-call time depending on national rules. Breaks and meals are often excluded from working time if unpaid, though some jurisdictions count certain breaks or paid rest as working time.
Measurement and scope of working time are usually expressed in hours per day or per week, with
Legal frameworks vary by jurisdiction. In the European Union, the Working Time Directive sets, among other things,
Work arrangements commonly used alongside standard hours include flextime, compressed workweeks, shift work, part-time schedules, and