Wolframmineraler

Wolframmineraler refers to a group of minerals that contain tungsten (W) in their chemical composition, with the primary ore being wolframite. These minerals are significant due to their role as the primary sources of tungsten, a hard, dense metal with a high melting point, valued in various industrial applications.

Wolframite is the most well-known wolfram mineral and occurs as an iron manganese tungstate with the chemical formula (Fe,Mn)WO₄. It typically forms in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites, often associated with granitic rocks. The mineral exhibits a submetallic to metallic luster and can vary in color from brownish-black to dark red or black, depending on its iron and manganese content. Due to its hardness (6.5–7 on the Mohs scale) and density (7.1–7.5 g/cm³), wolframite is resistant to weathering and can persist in placer deposits.

Other notable wolfram minerals include scheelite (CaWO₄), which is the primary source of tungsten in some regions. Scheelite is calcium tungstate and is often found in hydrothermal veins, pegmatites, and skarn deposits. It has a white to pale yellow color and a high refractive index, making it visually distinct. Unlike wolframite, scheelite is less dense (5.9–6.1 g/cm³) and softer (4.5–5 on the Mohs scale).

Tungsten minerals are economically important due to their use in producing tungsten carbide, a compound renowned for its exceptional hardness and durability. This material is widely used in cutting tools, abrasives, and heavy-duty machinery. Additionally, tungsten is employed in high-temperature applications, such as filaments in light bulbs and radiation shielding in medical and industrial settings.

The extraction and processing of wolfram minerals involve complex metallurgical techniques, including crushing, grinding, and chemical separation to isolate tungsten. Major producers of tungsten include China, which dominates global supply, followed by countries like Russia, Canada, and Bolivia. The mining and refining of these minerals are subject to environmental regulations due to their potential impact on ecosystems and human health.