Waterfront

A waterfront is the interface between land and a body of water, such as a sea, river, lake, or estuary. It includes the shoreline and adjacent lands affected by water-based processes and uses. Built elements commonly found along a waterfront include ports, piers, quays, and wharves, while natural features such as beaches and marshes may also be part of the area.

Waterfront areas support diverse activities, including transportation, commerce, and recreation. They typically host ferries, shipping channels, ports, markets, promenades, parks, and marinas. In cities, waterfronts often function as focal points for economic development, tourism, and cultural life, while providing ecological services such as wildlife habitat and flood attenuation.

Urban planning and management of waterfronts address access, resilience, and sustainability. Plans may promote public access and mixed-use development while protecting water quality and habitats. Common interventions include shoreline stabilization, flood defenses, dredging, and floodplain management. Redevelopment can transform industrial waterfronts into mixed-use districts with housing, offices, and entertainment, though this may raise concerns about gentrification and displacement.

Environmental and governance aspects vary by country. Waterfront governance may involve national, regional, and municipal authorities; private developers; and community organizations. Effective management emphasizes balance among economic use, public access, heritage, and environmental protection.