Wallflower

Wallflower is the common name for several ornamental flowering plants in the genus Erysimum (family Brassicaceae). The term originally described plants in the former genus Cheiranthus; most of these species are now classified under Erysimum. They are native to Europe and western Asia and are cultivated worldwide for their pleasantly scented blooms.

Wallflowers are herbaceous perennials or annuals that grow from short, sturdy stems, typically reaching about 20–90 cm in height. Leaves are narrow, lanceolate, and often grey-green. In spring, plants bear dense clusters of small four-petaled flowers arranged along the stems. Flower colors vary by cultivar, including yellow, orange, red, pink, purple, and white; many cultivars are strongly fragrant, especially in warm weather.

Culture and care are straightforward. They prefer full sun and well-drained, moderately fertile soil. They tolerate drought but dislike wet or heavy soils, which can lead to root rot. Deadheading extends flowering, and light maintenance is usually sufficient; excessive nitrogen promotes foliage growth over flowers. Propagation is commonly by seed, though cuttings can be used for some cultivars. In temperate regions, many wallflowers are short-lived and treated as biennials or short-lived perennials.

Uses and symbolism: Wallflowers are traditional border and rock-garden plants and are often grown against walls or in front of low hedges to display their blooms in spring. The name reflects their historical association with sun-exposed walls in European gardens. Beyond ornamental appeal, their fragrance is appreciated in garden settings and, to a lesser extent, in scent-related horticultural uses.