WakeModellierungen

WakeModellierungen, or wake modeling, refers to the process of simulating and predicting the aerodynamic wake generated by wind turbines. This wake is a region of reduced wind speed and increased turbulence downstream of a turbine, which can affect the performance and structural integrity of other turbines within a wind farm. Wake modeling is crucial for optimizing wind farm layouts, estimating energy production, and assessing the impact of wind turbines on their surroundings.

Various mathematical and computational models are employed for wake modeling, ranging from simple analytical models to complex computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Analytical models, such as the Jensen model or the Frandsen model, offer quick estimations but often rely on simplified assumptions. CFD models, on the other hand, provide more detailed and accurate predictions by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, but they require significant computational resources.

The accuracy of wake models depends on factors like atmospheric conditions (wind speed, turbulence intensity, atmospheric stability), turbine characteristics (rotor diameter, tip speed ratio), and the spacing between turbines. Advanced wake models incorporate effects such as wake meandering, wake-induced velocity deficits, and turbulence entrainment.

Understanding and accurately modeling wakes allows wind farm operators to minimize energy losses due to wake effects, thereby maximizing overall energy yield. This is achieved by strategically positioning turbines to avoid or mitigate excessive wake interference. Furthermore, wake modeling plays a role in environmental impact assessments, helping to understand potential effects on wildlife and local weather patterns. Research in wake modeling continues to focus on improving accuracy, efficiency, and the ability to capture complex flow phenomena.