Výhybky

Výhybky are railway switches that allow trains to change tracks. They are a fundamental component of any railway network, enabling the efficient routing of trains and the operation of complex yards and stations. A typical výhybka consists of two main parts: the points and the crossing.

The points are movable rail sections that can be positioned to guide a train onto either the straight track or a diverging route. These points are connected to levers or electric motors that control their position. The crossing, also known as a frog, is the section where the rails of the two tracks intersect. Its design is crucial to prevent derailments by ensuring that the wheels of the train are guided smoothly across the gap.

Výhybky can be manually operated, requiring a railway worker to change their setting, or electrically operated, controlled remotely from a signal box or central traffic control system. The latter are more common on main lines and in areas with high traffic density. Different types of výhybky exist, including simple turnouts, double turnouts (allowing movement in three directions), and scissors crossings (allowing movement between two adjacent tracks). The design and maintenance of výhybky are critical for railway safety and operational efficiency. Wear and tear on the points and crossing can lead to increased risk of derailment if not addressed promptly.