Vércukor

Vércukor is the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream, a central parameter of human energy metabolism. It reflects dietary intake, liver glucose production, and the action of pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon in maintaining glucose homeostasis.

In healthy adults, fasting venous plasma glucose is typically about 3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L (70 to 99 mg/dL). Following a meal, blood glucose rises but generally remains below thresholds associated with impaired glucose tolerance; two-hour values below 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) are commonly referenced for normal ranges. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) summarizes average glucose over roughly two to three months, with non-diabetic targets commonly below 5.7% and diabetes goals often tailored to individual risk, frequently under 7%.

Vércukor is measured in several ways. Laboratory tests report plasma glucose in mmol/L or mg/dL; HbA1c is reported as a percentage. Point-of-care glucometers measure capillary blood glucose, useful for home monitoring, while continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices provide ongoing trends. Standard testing distinguishes fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HbA1c as complementary indicators of glycemic status.

Abnormally high or low vércukor levels signal metabolic dysregulation. Hypoglycemia (low glucose) can cause sweating, confusion, and weakness, while hyperglycemia (high glucose) is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and can lead to long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney disease, and eye problems. Regular monitoring and appropriate management aim to maintain stable glucose levels and reduce risk.