Vävnadsvätskeödem

Vävnadsvätskeödem, often simply referred to as edema, is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid within the body's tissues. This fluid, known as interstitial fluid, is normally present in the spaces between cells and plays a crucial role in nutrient and waste transport. When this fluid balance is disrupted, it can lead to swelling in various parts of the body.

The formation of edema is a complex process, but it generally occurs when there is an imbalance between the forces that move fluid into and out of the capillaries, the smallest blood vessels. Increased hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries, which is the pressure exerted by the blood, can force more fluid out into the surrounding tissues. Conversely, a decrease in the osmotic pressure of the blood, often due to low levels of plasma proteins like albumin, can reduce the fluid's tendency to be drawn back into the capillaries. Impaired lymphatic drainage, where the lymphatic system fails to adequately remove excess interstitial fluid, can also contribute to edema.

Causes of vävnadsvätskeödem are diverse and can range from minor irritations to serious underlying medical conditions. Localized edema can be caused by inflammation, injury, allergic reactions, or insect bites. More generalized edema, affecting larger areas of the body, can be a symptom of systemic diseases such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, or malnutrition. Certain medications can also induce edema as a side effect. The appearance of edema can vary, but it typically presents as swelling, skin that feels tight or stretched, and sometimes a pitting sensation when pressed. Treatment depends entirely on the underlying cause and may involve addressing the primary condition, managing fluid intake, or using diuretic medications to promote fluid excretion.