Vákuumtechnika

Vákuumtechnika refers to the scientific and engineering field concerned with the creation, maintenance, and measurement of low-pressure environments, often referred to as vacuum. This involves the removal of gases from a sealed volume to achieve a pressure significantly below atmospheric pressure. Various methods are employed to achieve this, including mechanical pumps like rotary vane pumps, diffusion pumps, turbomolecular pumps, and cryopumps, each suited for different pressure ranges and applications.

The applications of vacuum technology are widespread and critical across numerous industries. In the semiconductor industry, vacuum is essential for processes such as sputtering, etching, and thin-film deposition, enabling the precise manufacturing of microelectronic components. The scientific research community extensively uses vacuum for particle accelerators, mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, and space simulation chambers. Medical applications include sterilization equipment, vacuum-assisted surgery, and the production of pharmaceuticals.

Furthermore, vacuum technology plays a role in food packaging to extend shelf life, in industrial coating processes for improved durability and aesthetics, and in welding and brazing operations where controlled atmospheres are required. The measurement of vacuum levels is achieved using various gauges, such as Pirani gauges, thermocouple gauges, and capacitance manometer gauges, each designed for specific pressure ranges. The design and operation of vacuum systems require careful consideration of materials, sealing techniques, and potential outgassing to maintain the desired vacuum integrity.