Voolukõikumised

Voolukõikumised, also known as voltage fluctuations or sags/swells, refer to temporary deviations from the nominal voltage level in an electrical power system. These deviations can manifest as a decrease in voltage (voltage sag or dip) or an increase in voltage (voltage swell). Voltage sags are more common and typically occur when a large load is switched on or when a fault, such as a short circuit, happens within the power grid. The sudden demand for current or the impedance of the system causes the voltage at other points to drop. Voltage swells are less frequent and can be caused by the sudden removal of a large load or by switching operations in the grid.

These fluctuations can have various impacts on electrical and electronic equipment. Sensitive devices like computers, medical equipment, and modern industrial controls are particularly susceptible to damage or malfunction from voltage sags or swells. For example, a voltage sag might cause a motor to slow down, a computer to reboot unexpectedly, or lights to dim. Prolonged or severe fluctuations can lead to equipment failure.

Mitigation strategies for voolukõikumised include the use of voltage regulators, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and surge protectors. Power system operators also work to maintain grid stability through proper load balancing and fault management. Understanding and addressing voolukõikumised is crucial for ensuring reliable power delivery and protecting valuable equipment from potential harm.