Voltamétricos

Voltamétricos refers to a set of electrochemical analytical techniques that involve measuring the current as a function of applied potential. These methods are primarily used for the quantitative determination of electroactive species in a solution. The core principle is to apply a varying electrical potential to an electrode immersed in the sample and monitor the resulting current. This current is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte that is undergoing an electrochemical reaction at the electrode surface.

There are several common voltammetric techniques, each differing in how the potential is varied. Linear sweep voltammetry applies a potential that changes linearly with time. Cyclic voltammetry involves sweeping the potential in one direction and then reversing it, providing information about both the oxidation and reduction processes of a species. Differential pulse voltammetry applies small amplitude pulses to the linearly swept potential, enhancing sensitivity by minimizing background current. Square wave voltammetry uses square-wave potential pulses and is known for its speed and sensitivity.

The choice of voltammetric technique depends on the specific analytical problem, including the concentration range of the analyte, the presence of interfering species, and the desired sensitivity. Voltammetric methods are widely employed in various fields such as environmental monitoring, food analysis, pharmaceutical quality control, and biochemical research due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and relatively low cost. The electrode material, electrolyte composition, and experimental conditions are critical parameters that need to be optimized for accurate and reliable results.