Viszerales

Viszerales, or viscera, denotes the internal organs of the body, considered either collectively or individually. The term is used in anatomical and medical contexts and derives from the Latin viscera, meaning internal organs. Visceral organs form the functional components of the body's main organ systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.

In anatomy, each visceral organ is enveloped by a serous membrane: a visceral layer that covers the organ’s surface (for example, the visceral peritoneum on abdominal organs or the visceral pleura on the lungs) and a corresponding parietal layer that lines the cavity. The two layers are separated by a potential space containing serous fluid, which reduces friction during movement. The arrangement of visceral organs and their membranes contributes to the organization of body cavities and the pathways for vessels and nerves.

Common examples of viscera include the heart, lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and reproductive organs. Visceral anatomy also considers regional variation and the relationships among organs, such as the positioning of the liver beneath the diaphragm or the intestines within the peritoneal cavity.

In clinical terms, visceral structures can be involved in disease, and visceral pain is often described as deep and poorly localized, in contrast to the sharp, well-localized pain arising from parietal structures.