Visszakeresést

Visszakeresést is the process of locating information that has been previously stored in a system or archive. In Hungarian usage, the term covers data retrieval across information retrieval, database management, digital libraries, and archival practice. The word is formed from vissza- (back, again) and keresés (search), emphasizing the act of obtaining earlier or stored data.

In computing, visszakeresés typically involves formulating a query, accessing an index or dataset, and returning a list of results arranged by relevance or recency. Core components include indexing (often an inverted index for text), query processing, and result ranking. Common techniques include full-text search, keyword and phrase queries, fuzzy matching, and, in advanced cases, natural language processing to interpret user intent. Ranking algorithms such as TF‑IDF or BM25, along with metadata and user context, influence the order of results.

Applications of visszakeresés span multiple domains: database queries to retrieve records, search engines that index the web, document management systems, digital libraries, and archival retrieval workflows. In version control and backup systems, the term can describe retrieving prior file versions or restored data.

Key challenges include balancing precision and recall, ensuring fast response times at scale, handling noisy or ambiguous queries, maintaining data quality, and addressing privacy and security concerns. Evaluation typically uses metrics such as precision, recall, F1 score, and latency.

Historically, visszakeresés has evolved from card catalogs and simple keyword search to sophisticated, scalable search architectures supporting large corpora. It remains a central function in information systems, enabling access to stored knowledge and records.