Vinylkloridimonomeeri

Vinylkloridimonomeeri, commonly known as vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), is the simple organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCl. It is a colorless gas at room temperature, with a boiling point around −13.9 °C. VCM is highly flammable and possesses toxic properties; exposure to its vapors can pose acute health risks, and long-term exposure is associated with serious cancer risks. In international classifications, vinyl chloride is regarded as a Group 1 carcinogen by the IARC.

Production and purification of vinyl chloride monomer are dominated by industrial processes linked to the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The principal route involves the dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride), which itself is made by chlorinating ethylene. The reaction yields vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride (HCl). The raw vinyl chloride is then purified and stabilized to prevent premature polymerization during storage and transport, typically by adding inhibitors and other stabilizing agents.

Uses and significance: vinyl chloride monomer is the primary feedstock for the production of polyvinyl chloride, one of the most widely used plastics globally. PVC is formed through free-radical polymerization of VCM and finds extensive use in pipes, profiles, cables, flooring, and packaging. VCM can also participate in copolymerization with other monomers to create specialty plastics with tailored properties.

Safety, handling, and regulation: due to its health hazards, vinyl chloride monomer is handled in closed systems with appropriate engineering controls, ventilation, and monitoring. Strict occupational exposure limits and transport regulations apply, reflecting its carcinogenic potential and flammability. Environmental releases are regulated, and containment measures are implemented to minimize emissions during production and polymerization.