Vibhuti

Vibhuti, also known as bhasma, is sacred ash in Hinduism and related traditions. It is typically a white or gray powder applied to the body and face, most often as a mark on the forehead.

Production and composition: Vibhuti is traditionally produced by burning certain materials in a controlled ritual or domestic fire until they turn into fine ash. Common ingredients include dried cow dung, wood, and herbs. In addition to ritual vibhuti, the term bhasma also refers to medicated ashes in Ayurveda, which are produced by calcining metals or minerals for therapeutic use; these preparations are distinct from ritual vibhuti but share the underlying concept of sacred ash.

Religious significance: Vibhuti is closely associated with Lord Shiva, who is frequently depicted with ash smeared on the body. It is often applied as a tripundra—three horizontal lines on the forehead, sometimes with a central dot—symbolizing purification, spiritual knowledge, renunciation, and sometimes the three gunas or the creation, preservation, and destruction of the universe.

Usage and symbolism: The ash is worn during daily worship, meditation, and religious festivals, and is believed to confer protection, purity, and detachment from worldly concerns. It also serves as a reminder of mortality and the transience of life.

Notes: Vibhuti is commonly contrasted with other forms of ash and with Ayurveda’s medicinal bhasma, which, while sharing the elemental concept, serves different ritual and therapeutic purposes.