Verlamming

Verlamming is the Dutch-language term for paralysis, the loss or impairment of voluntary muscle movement caused by injury or disease of the nervous system or muscles. It can be focal, affecting a limb or group of muscles, or generalized, involving multiple regions or the entire body. In medical contexts, Verlamming is described as paresis (partial weakness) or plegia (complete loss of movement), with the degree and location guiding diagnosis and treatment.

Common causes include acute neurological events such as stroke or traumatic spinal cord injury, chronic conditions like multiple sclerosis or peripheral neuropathies, and infectious or inflammatory disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Toxic, metabolic, or nutritional factors (for example toxins, severe electrolyte disturbances, or vitamin deficiencies) can also produce paralysis. Congenital conditions and progressive neuromuscular diseases may present from birth or later in life. The exact mechanism depends on whether motor pathways, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, or muscles are affected.

Symptoms vary by location and cause, but typical signs include sudden or gradual weakness, an inability to move certain muscles, altered sensation, muscle flaccidity or spasticity, and reduced or absent reflexes. In some cases, paralysis is accompanied by pain, numbness, or impaired coordination. The condition may be temporary, such as during a stroke in the acute phase, or permanent if nerve or muscle damage is irreversible.

Diagnosis relies on medical history and physical examination, followed by imaging (MRI or CT), nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and laboratory tests to identify underlying etiologies.

Treatment targets the root cause when possible and includes acute stabilization, rehabilitation (physical and occupational therapy), assistive devices, and medications for spasticity, pain, or inflammation. Prognosis varies with cause, location, and promptness of treatment.