Verkoudheden

Verkoudheden, also known as the common cold, are common viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. They are primarily caused by rhinoviruses, though other viruses can also be responsible. Symptoms typically include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, and mild body aches. Fever is less common in adults but can occur, especially in children.

Transmission of the viruses occurs through close contact with an infected person, usually via respiratory droplets expelled when coughing or sneezing, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face. The incubation period is generally short, with symptoms appearing one to three days after exposure. Most colds are self-limiting, meaning they resolve on their own without specific medical treatment.

Diagnosis is typically based on the characteristic symptoms. There is no cure for the common cold, and antibiotics are ineffective as they target bacteria, not viruses. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms. This can include rest, staying hydrated, and over-the-counter medications to manage pain, fever, and congestion. Nasal saline sprays and humidifiers can also help alleviate nasal symptoms.

Prevention strategies include frequent handwashing with soap and water, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth. While colds are generally mild, complications such as sinusitis or ear infections can occur. Individuals with underlying health conditions or weakened immune systems may experience more severe symptoms or prolonged recovery.