Venulitis

Venulitis refers to inflammation of the veins. It is a subset of vasculitis, a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. While vasculitis can affect arteries, veins, or capillaries, venulitis specifically targets the venules, which are the smallest veins in the body.

The causes of venulitis are diverse and can include infections, autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, and certain medications. Often, the exact cause may remain unknown, a condition referred to as idiopathic venulitis. Symptoms can vary depending on the location and severity of the inflammation. Common presentations include skin lesions, such as palpable purpura (raised, bruise-like spots), urticarial lesions (hives), or ulcers. Systemic symptoms like fever, joint pain, and fatigue may also be present, particularly if the venulitis is associated with a broader autoimmune condition.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests can help identify markers of inflammation or underlying autoimmune disorders. A skin biopsy of an affected area is often the gold standard for diagnosis, allowing for microscopic examination of the inflamed venules.

Treatment for venulitis depends on the underlying cause and the extent of the disease. Mild cases may resolve on their own or with supportive care. For more severe or persistent cases, treatment may involve anti-inflammatory medications, immunosuppressive drugs, or antibiotics if an infection is suspected. Addressing the underlying cause, such as managing an autoimmune disease, is crucial for long-term control.