Ventosas

Ventosas are hollow cups applied to the skin to create suction, a practice commonly known as cupping therapy. They are used in several traditional medical systems, including traditional Chinese medicine, Persian medicine, and various European folk traditions. The term describes the suction mechanism rather than a single uniform technique.

Variants range from glass cups heated briefly to produce suction (fire cupping) to modern cups made of silicone, rubber, or plastic that use mechanical or air-driven suction. Treatments can be performed by a practitioner applying the cups to the skin for several minutes, sometimes with rod, pump, or manual manipulation to adjust suction.

The proposed effects of ventosas include increased local blood flow, muscle relaxation, and relief of certain types of pain. Advocates also claim detoxification and restored balance of bodily functions. However, evidence from high-quality studies is limited and results are mixed. Some randomized trials report short-term pain relief for musculoskeletal conditions, but many studies have methodological limitations, and cupping is not universally recommended as a substitute for conventional medical care.

Safety and regulation vary by country. Potential adverse effects include skin irritation, bruising, burns (especially with fire cupping), and, rarely, infection if instruments are not properly sterilized. Cupping should be avoided on broken skin, active ulcers, or in individuals with certain skin conditions or bleeding disorders. Individuals considering ventosas should consult a healthcare professional, particularly if they have underlying medical issues or are pregnant.