Ventils

Ventils, known in English as valves, are devices that regulate the flow and direction of fluids within a system by opening, closing, or constricting passages. They can start or stop flow, modulate flow rate, or isolate sections for maintenance and safety. Valves are essential components in plumbing, industrial processing, power generation, automotive systems, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning networks.

Valves are categorized by function and operation. Shut-off valves, such as ball, gate, globe, and butterfly valves, provide reliable isolation. Flow-control valves, including globe and needle valves, adjust passage to regulate rate. Check valves allow one-way flow to prevent backflow. Safety relief valves limit pressure by venting excess fluid. Most valves are manually operated, while many are actuated by electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic systems.

Material and connection choices reflect the service conditions. Common materials include brass, bronze, stainless steel, and carbon steel, with plastics such as PVC or CPVC used for corrosive or low-temperature applications. Seating and sealing arrangements vary, with elastomer O-rings, PTFE seats, and metal-to-metal interfaces. Connections can be threaded, flanged, welded, or wafer-style, and designers select valve size and pressure rating accordingly.

Ventils are used in water and wastewater systems, chemical processing, oil and gas, power plants, and HVAC installations. Selection requires consideration of pressure, temperature, corrosion compatibility, flow characteristics, and maintenance needs. Regular inspection and testing for leaks and actuator responsiveness are standard practices, along with adherence to relevant standards and codes in the respective industries.