Vaskuliit

Vaskuliit is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. This inflammation can affect any blood vessel, including arteries, veins, and small capillaries, and can occur in any part of the body. When blood vessels become inflamed, their walls can thicken, weaken, or become scarred, potentially restricting blood flow or leading to bleeding.

The causes of vaskuliit are often not fully understood but are believed to involve an autoimmune response where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own blood vessels. In some cases, vaskuliit can be triggered by infections or certain medications. Symptoms vary widely depending on which blood vessels are affected and the severity of the inflammation. Common symptoms can include skin rashes, fever, fatigue, joint pain, and organ damage.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to detect inflammation markers and antibodies, and imaging studies such as angiography to visualize blood vessels. Biopsy of an affected blood vessel or organ may also be necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment for vaskuliit aims to reduce inflammation, prevent further damage to blood vessels and organs, and manage symptoms. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant medications are commonly used. The prognosis depends on the specific type of vaskuliit, the organs involved, and the effectiveness of treatment.