Valtiopetos

Valtiopetos is the Finnish legal term for treason against the state. It refers to acts intended to seriously undermine Finland's sovereignty, constitutional order, or security. In practice, valtiopetos covers actions such as aiding a foreign power against Finland, participating in armed hostilities directed at the Finnish state, or helping to overthrow the constitutional system. The concept is treated as one of the gravest offenses in Finnish law, reflecting the priority given to national sovereignty and security.

In Finland, valtiopetos is defined in the Penal Code as a category of offenses against the state. Prosecution requires evidence of intent and a direct, substantial connection between the act and harm to the state. The penalties are severe, and the exact sentence depends on the circumstances and the court's interpretation, within the limits of the law.

Historically, valtiopetos has appeared in Finland during periods of upheaval, such as the country’s early years of independence and wartime events. In contemporary jurisprudence it is used sparingly, with other offenses such as espionage or aiding an enemy more commonly charged for related conduct. The term is broadly comparable to high treason in other legal systems, but its definition and punishment vary by country.