Vaktkompetanse

Vaktkompetanse is a term used in Norway to denote the qualifications and legal authority required to perform private security work, including guarding, access control, and personal protection. The concept is regulated primarily by the Private Security Act (Lov om vaktvirksomhet) and the accompanying regulations, which set out the standards for education, certification, and conduct that security personnel must meet in order to operate legally.

To obtain vaktkompetanse, an individual must complete a state‑approved training program that covers topics such as criminal law, use of force, emergency procedures, conflict handling, and basic first aid. The curriculum includes both theoretical instruction and practical exercises, and it culminates in a written examination administered by the Norwegian Police Directorate or an authorized training provider. Successful candidates receive a vaktkort (security card), which serves as official proof of competence and must be presented when carrying out security duties.

The vaktkompetanse system distinguishes among several levels of authorization. The basic level permits routine guarding and surveillance tasks, while higher levels allow for more specialized functions such as armed security, bodyguard services, and the transport of valuable goods. Each level imposes additional training requirements and often includes periodic refresher courses to ensure that personnel stay up‑to‑date with legal changes and best practices.

Employers are obligated to verify that all employees engaged in security work possess the appropriate vaktkompetanse and to maintain records of their training and certifications. Failure to comply with the regulatory framework can result in fines, revocation of licenses, or criminal liability for both the individual and the employing company. The vaktkompetanse model aims to professionalize the private security sector, enhance public safety, and foster trust between security providers and the communities they serve.