V2L

V2L, or Vehicle-to-Load, is a feature in some electric vehicles that enables the car to supply electrical power to external devices or loads. It uses a bidirectional charger/inverter that takes energy from the vehicle’s high-voltage battery and converts it to alternating current suitable for standard electrical outlets.

Operation is achieved through power delivery via an exterior 230-volt outlet in the vehicle or through a supplied adapter. A control interface or mobile app starts or stops power delivery. Built-in protections monitor current, voltage, temperature, and battery state, and automatically cut power if unsafe conditions arise or the battery level is too low.

Capacity and limitations: Most implementations deliver up to about 3.6 kW (roughly 16 amperes at 230 volts), sufficient for power tools, kitchen appliances, or charging small devices. Some models offer lower or higher ratings. Using V2L consumes battery energy and can reduce driving range; power may be limited when the battery is cold or near depletion.

Availability: V2L has been marketed by Hyundai and Kia in models such as the Ioniq 5 and EV6, and is offered in certain markets. Not all electric vehicles include V2L; it requires compatible hardware, software, and connectors, and safety certifications.

Relation to other concepts: V2L is part of bidirectional charging capabilities that also encompass Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) for home backup or grid services, respectively.