Uremia
Uremia is a clinical syndrome that results from the accumulation of waste products in the blood due to severe kidney dysfunction. It most commonly occurs in advanced chronic kidney disease or after acute kidney injury that progresses to end-stage kidney disease, when the glomerular filtration rate falls markedly. Retained solutes include urea, creatinine, uric acid and other nitrogenous and gut-derived toxins, along with metabolic disturbances such as metabolic acidosis, electrolyte abnormalities (notably hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia, with hypocalcemia) and fluid overload. These changes contribute to a wide range of systemic effects.
Clinically, uremia presents with nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and pruritus.
Management aims to remove toxins and correct metabolic abnormalities. Initiation of dialysis is indicated for life-threatening
Prognosis depends on the underlying kidney disease and response to treatment. Uremia reflects advanced renal failure