Upravlenie

Upravlenie (transliterated as upravlenie) is a Slavic term meaning the act or process of directing, governing, or regulating. It is commonly translated into English as management, administration, control, or governance, depending on context. The root comes from the verb upravlyat, meaning to direct or to manage.

In engineering and cybernetics, upravlenie denotes the control of a system. In control theory, it encompasses the measurement of a plant, the controller, and actuators, often including feedback loops to achieve a desired output. Systems that implement upravlenie include mechanical, electrical, and biological processes.

In business and public administration, upravlenie refers to organizational management: planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling to achieve goals. It also includes policy implementation, resource allocation, and governance within institutions or states.

Examples: In Russian-speaking contexts, you might encounter phrases like "управление предприятием" (enterprise management) or "управление государством" (governance of the state). In a broader sense, upravlenie is a basic concept across management sciences and control engineering, with domain-specific terminology and methods.