Underpronation

Underpronation, also known as supination, is a gait abnormality characterized by the outward roll of the foot during walking or running. Unlike overpronation, where the foot rolls inward excessively, underpronation involves insufficient inward rolling, resulting in reduced shock absorption and altered biomechanics. This condition often affects the way weight is distributed across the foot, typically causing more pressure on the outer edge of the foot.

Individuals with underpronation may experience discomfort or pain in areas such as the ankles, calves, knees, hips, or lower back due to abnormal strain on muscles and joints. Common symptoms include a lack of stability during movement, increased risk of ankle sprains, and quicker fatigue during physical activity.

Factors contributing to underpronation include high arches, stiff foot muscles, or structural foot abnormalities. It can be diagnosed through biomechanical assessments, gait analysis, or observation of foot movement patterns.

Treatment primarily focuses on correcting gait to improve function and reduce discomfort. This may involve the use of supportive footwear designed for high arches, custom orthotic insoles to provide adequate cushioning and support, and specific exercises to strengthen foot and ankle muscles. Stretching routines and physical therapy can also help improve flexibility and biomechanics.

Proper footwear and orthotic management are essential in mitigating the adverse effects of underpronation. Understanding and addressing this gait pattern can enhance athletic performance, reduce injury risk, and improve overall mobility and comfort during daily activities.