Uluru

Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is a large sandstone monolith in the southern part of the Northern Territory of Australia. It lies within Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, about 335 kilometers (208 miles) southwest of Alice Springs. The rock rises about 348 meters (1,142 feet) above the plain and has a circumference of about 9.4 kilometers (5.8 miles).

Geologically, Uluru is formed from arkosic sandstone deposited during the late Precambrian to early Paleozoic era and dates to around 550 million years old. The surface changes color at different times of day, often glowing oxblood red at sunrise and sunset due to iron oxide coating and the angle of sunlight.

Cultural significance: Uluru is a sacred site for the Anangu, the traditional custodians of the land. It features in Tjukurrpa, the region’s Dreamtime stories. The Anangu, jointly with Parks Australia, manage the national park. The name Uluru is the local Anangu name; Ayers Rock is the former European name.

Tourism and access: The climbing of Uluru was permanently banned in 2019 due to safety and cultural reasons. Visitors can explore a network of base walks, cultural centers, and guided tours; sunrise and sunset views are popular, especially from designated viewing areas.

World Heritage status: Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its natural values and its cultural significance. The park also protects Kata Tjuta (the Olgas), a nearby rock formation.

The park lies in an arid ecosystem with drought-tolerant flora and fauna adapted to extreme heat and scarce rainfall.