monolith

A monolith is a term used in geology, archaeology, and architecture to refer to a large single mass of stone, or a structure carved from a single block. The word derives from Greek monos 'one' and lithos 'stone', literally 'one stone'. In geology and geography, a monolith describes natural rock formations that rise as a single massive block, distinct from surrounding rock.

Natural monoliths include well-known formations such as Uluru (Ayers Rock) in Australia and El Capitan in Yosemite National Park, where erosion exposes a coherent, uninterrupted mass. Such features are not necessarily the tallest or largest rocks, but are notable for their single-block composition.

In archaeology and architecture, a monolith is an object carved from one block of stone. Obelisks in ancient Egypt and other cultures are typical monolithic monuments. Some monumental statues, such as the Moai of Easter Island, are carved from a single piece of rock.

In modern usage, the term can describe something large and indivisible, such as a single, dominant organization or structure. In science fiction, monoliths are often depicted as solitary, imposing artifacts created by advanced civilizations.

Overall, the term emphasizes the unity and single mass of a stone feature, natural or man-made.