Ukrainization

Ukrainization refers to a set of policies and processes aimed at increasing the use and prominence of the Ukrainian language, culture, and national identity within Ukraine. Historically, these policies have often been implemented by the Ukrainian state, particularly following periods of foreign domination or suppression of Ukrainian national expression. The goal of Ukrainization is generally to strengthen national sovereignty and foster a cohesive national identity.

The concept gained significant traction in the early 20th century, especially during the brief period of Ukrainian independence after World War I and the subsequent Soviet era. In the Soviet Union, Ukrainization policies were sometimes implemented as a means of appeasing nationalist sentiments, but they were often inconsistent and subject to reversal, particularly during periods of Stalinist repression. During these times, Russification policies, which promoted the Russian language and culture, often overshadowed Ukrainization efforts.

Following Ukraine's declaration of independence in 1991, there has been a renewed emphasis on promoting the Ukrainian language in public life, education, and media. This has included legislation to expand the use of Ukrainian as the state language. These efforts have been met with varying degrees of success and have sometimes been a subject of political debate, particularly in regions with significant Russian-speaking populations. The ongoing conflict with Russia has further intensified the focus on Ukrainization as a means of asserting national identity and sovereignty.