Russification
Russification refers to policies and practices aimed at promoting Russian language and culture within non-Russian areas through state action, migration, and social pressure. It is a historical process rather than a single policy, varying in intensity and methods across time and place.
In the Russian Empire, from the 17th through the 19th centuries, authorities sought to centralize governance
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, measures often included mandatory schooling in Russian, official use
In the Soviet era, the official stance toward nationalities combined support for minority languages with a
In the post-Soviet period, Russian maintains prominence in Russia and in several former republics, where language