Tööstustsüklid

Tööstustsüklid refer to the recurring patterns of expansion and contraction in an economy's aggregate output. These fluctuations, often referred to as business cycles, are a natural and inherent feature of market economies. A typical cycle consists of four phases: expansion, peak, contraction (or recession), and trough.

The expansion phase is characterized by growth in economic activity, rising employment, increasing industrial production, and generally healthy consumer and business confidence. During this period, GDP tends to increase. The peak marks the highest point of economic activity in the cycle, where growth begins to slow down.

Following the peak, the economy enters a contraction or recession phase. This is a period of decline in economic activity, marked by falling GDP, rising unemployment, decreased consumer spending, and a general sense of pessimism. Recessions can vary in severity and duration. The trough represents the lowest point of economic activity, after which the economy begins to recover.

The trough signals the end of the recession and the beginning of a new expansion phase, restarting the cycle. Various factors can trigger and influence these cycles, including changes in aggregate demand, technological advancements, monetary and fiscal policies, and external shocks. Understanding these cycles is crucial for policymakers and businesses to make informed decisions and mitigate the negative impacts of economic downturns.