Törmäystarkastus

Törmäystarkastus, often translated as collision detection, is a fundamental concept in computer graphics, game development, and physics simulations. It refers to the process of determining whether two or more objects in a virtual environment are intersecting or overlapping. This is crucial for creating realistic interactions between objects, such as preventing characters from walking through walls, detecting when a projectile hits a target, or triggering events based on object proximity.

The complexity of collision detection varies significantly depending on the shapes of the objects involved and the desired accuracy. Simple shapes like spheres or axis-aligned bounding boxes (AABB) allow for very efficient and computationally inexpensive checks. For more complex, irregular shapes, techniques like separating axis theorem or collision queries against polygon meshes are employed, which are generally more computationally intensive.

Collision detection systems often involve multiple stages. Broad phase detection quickly identifies pairs of objects that are *potentially* colliding, using techniques like spatial partitioning to eliminate large numbers of non-colliding pairs. Narrow phase detection then performs more precise checks only on those pairs identified as potentially colliding in the broad phase. Once a collision is detected, a separate response mechanism is typically triggered, which might involve physics calculations to determine how the objects react to the impact, such as bouncing or stopping.