Täiteaineiden

Täiteaineet, often translated as fillers, are substances added to materials to reduce their cost, improve their workability, or enhance their physical properties. They are commonly incorporated into plastics, paints, coatings, adhesives, rubber, and paper. The choice of filler depends heavily on the application and the base material.

In the plastics industry, common fillers include calcium carbonate, talc, and glass fibers. Calcium carbonate is inexpensive and can improve stiffness and impact strength. Talc, with its platy structure, can increase rigidity and heat resistance. Glass fibers are used to significantly enhance tensile strength and stiffness, essentially reinforcing the plastic.

Paints and coatings utilize fillers like titanium dioxide, kaolin clay, and barytes. Titanium dioxide, while primarily a pigment, also acts as a filler and opacifier, improving hiding power and brightness. Kaolin clay can enhance rheology and provide a matte finish. Barytes (barium sulfate) are used to increase density and improve weather resistance.

In rubber compounding, fillers such as carbon black and silica are crucial. Carbon black is a reinforcing filler that dramatically improves tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and tear strength of rubber, making it indispensable for tires. Silica is another important reinforcing filler, often used in "green" tires for reduced rolling resistance and improved wet grip.

The function of a filler can be multifaceted. Some fillers, like reinforcing fillers, actively participate in strengthening the composite material. Others, termed non-reinforcing or inert fillers, are primarily used to bulk out the material and reduce overall cost without significantly impacting mechanical properties. Fillers can also influence properties such as color, texture, density, and electrical conductivity. Proper dispersion of fillers within the base material is essential for achieving the desired performance characteristics.