Työsuhde

Työsuhde (employment relationship) refers to the legal and practical relationship between an employer and an employee. It governs how work is performed, compensated, and regulated, and it creates mutual rights and obligations for both parties. The relationship is typically based on a työsopimus (employment contract), but it is also framed by statutory provisions and, in many sectors, by collective agreements.

The primary legal framework in Finland is the Työsopimuslaki (Employment Contracts Act), which sets general rules for starting, continuing, and ending an employment relationship. Other important laws cover working hours, annual holidays, occupational safety and health, equality, and social security. In addition to statutory law, many terms are shaped by collective agreements that apply within a specific industry or company, influencing wages, benefits, and working conditions.

Types of työsuhde commonly include a permanent, ongoing contract (toistaiseksi voimassa oleva työsuhde) and a fixed-term contract (määräaikainen työsuhde). A trial or probationary period (koeaika) may be used at the start of a new employment, within limits set by law. The contents of a typical työsopimus include job description, start date, place of work, working hours, salary, holidays, notice periods, and any special terms such as confidentiality or non-compete provisions.

Termination of the relationship can occur for various reasons, including mutual agreement, expiry of a fixed term, or notice by either party under statutory or contractual conditions. Notice periods depend on the length of service and applicable law or agreements. The Finnish system emphasizes safety, non-discrimination, and reasonable working conditions, with enforcement and remedies available through labor courts and relevant authorities.