Typengenehmigung

Typengenehmigung, or type approval, is a formal authorization that a product or vehicle type complies with defined technical, safety, and sometimes environmental requirements. In the EU and Germany, it is typically required before market introduction or serial production and serves as a basis for conformity across models and manufacturers. The approval is issued by a national authority or a notified body within the EU system; in automotive matters the German Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) issues EU-type approvals for vehicles and major components, while the broader EU framework uses the concept of EC type-approval.

Scope and components: A Typengenehmigung can cover whole vehicles, powertrains, or individual components and systems. For vehicles, it often takes the form of an EC (EU) type approval. For parts and accessories, separate type approvals may exist. In some cases, a new approval is required if a product design changes significantly. In addition to type approvals, national instruments such as Allgemeine Betriebserlaubnis (ABE) or individual approvals may apply for specific uses or modifications.

Process: The manufacturer submits design documentation and conducts required testing at approved laboratories. If the product meets the applicable regulations, the responsible authority grants the Typengenehmigung and issues a certificate of conformity (COC) for vehicles, or a similar compliance document for parts. The production process must then conform to the approved type, and the finished product typically bears an approval mark (for example, the E-mark in accordance with UN/ECE regulations).

Relation to other approvals: A Typengenehmigung is distinct from individual approvals and general operating permits; significant design changes may necessitate a new type approval. Global harmonization efforts continue to streamline cross-border recognition of approvals.