Turlach

Turlach is a traditional Irish musical instrument that belongs to the family of bowed string instruments. It is closely related to the hurdy-gurdy, a medieval instrument that spread across Europe, but the turlach is specifically associated with Irish folk music. The name "turlach" is derived from the Irish word for "turner," referring to the instrument's rotating wheel mechanism.

The turlach consists of a small wooden box, often decorated with intricate carvings, which houses the soundbox and the tuning pegs. A single string, typically made of gut or synthetic material, is stretched over the soundbox and plucked by a small quill or metal plectrum attached to a wheel. This wheel is turned by hand, producing a continuous, drone-like sound that serves as a harmonic foundation for other instruments or vocals. The player can also press the string against a series of metal tangents, which are mounted on a frame above the wheel, to produce melodic notes.

The turlach was historically used in Irish folk music, particularly in rural settings, where it complemented other instruments like the fiddle, flute, and tin whistle. Its distinctive sound, characterized by a warm, resonant drone and expressive melodic lines, contributed to the rich texture of traditional Irish music. While the instrument is not as widely used today as it once was, it remains a cherished part of Ireland’s musical heritage and is occasionally featured in performances of traditional music.

Modern makers have revived interest in the turlach, crafting new versions with improved playability and durability. These instruments often incorporate design elements from historical examples while incorporating contemporary materials and construction techniques. The turlach continues to be appreciated by musicians and enthusiasts for its unique sound and its role in preserving Ireland’s musical traditions.